This book shows how human factors and ergonomic principles have been transforming healthcare. It reports on the design of systems and devices to improve quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness in patient care, and discusses findings related to improving organizational outcomes in a healthcare setting, as well as approaches for analyzing and modeling those work aspects that are unique to healthcare. Based on the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare and Medical Devices, held on July 21–25, 2018, in Orlando, Florida, USA, the book highlights the physical, cognitive and organizational aspects of human factors and ergonomic applications, presenting various perspectives, including those of clinicians, patients, health organizations, and insurance providers. The book is intended as a timely reference guide for researchers involved in the design of medical systems, healthcare professionals managing healthcare settings, as well as healthcare counselors and international health organizations.