This book offers a comprehensive overview of the latest findings in mushroom science, covering diverse domains such as cultivation, ecology, therapeutic potential, sustainable materials, and environmental applications. With contributions from leading researchers, this volume highlights the conservation and sustainable cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms, focusing on innovative substrates, smart farming practices, and region-specific case studies like the Indian scenario. The book explores challenges and opportunities in producing high-quality mushrooms, particularly in small-scale industries, and discusses the integration of IoT-based systems to enhance yield and efficiency. It provides in-depth insights into the bioactive compounds of mushrooms, their nutraceutical properties, and their therapeutic potential in boosting immunity and addressing neurodegenerative conditions. In addition to their health benefits, mushrooms are portrayed as eco-friendly agents with wide industrial applications?ranging from pollution remediation to the development of sustainable leather, textiles, and packaging materials. This book is an essential resource for researchers, students, entrepreneurs, and professionals in mycology, food science, pharmacology, environmental science, and biotechnology. It is especially valuable for those interested in functional foods, sustainable practices, and industrial applications of fungi.