This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the production of low carbon chemicals and biofuels from renewable feedstock, including pilot, demo, and commercial-scale technologies. It highlights the role of Industry 4.0 in improving the efficiency and affordability of biorefineries, ultimately leading to the production of bio-based molecules and energy with low carbon and water footprints. Drawing on the expertise of established researchers, academics, and engineers, the book presents a range of informative chapters on the subject. It explores the key elements of Industry 4.0, such as, interconnectivity and smart process automation, and shows how these can be harnessed to revolutionize industrial processes and offer finished products in a cost-effective manner. With its emphasis on sustainability and cutting-edge technology, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in the future of low carbon chemistry and bioenergy production.