This book explores the bilateral relationship between Brazil and China in modern history, environment, economics, and contemporary Brazilian politics. As China has become Brazils largest trading partner, importing commodities and exporting manufactures, and a major investor in the country, Brazils social structure has been upended, with traditional hierarchies jolted and new ones created- in the agribusiness, industry, in the diplomacy of climate change in the Amazon and not least, Brazils traditional relationship with the United States. In this incisive text, one of Brazils leading political scientists explores how China, the X factor of international relations, can transform a nations politics; it will be of interest to economists, scholars of geopolitics, of Chinas Belt and Road Initiative and of Latin America politics.