This book delves into the strategic significance of building a modern circulation system for China in accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulation reinforcing each other. It systematically discusses the theoretical connotation and structure of the modern circulation system and comprehensively sorts out the deep-seated contradictions and problems facing the construction of China’s modern circulation system. Meanwhile, with an emphasis on accelerating the construction of a modern market system, rebuilding the modern logistics system, and empowering the modern circulation construction with science and technology, it proposes the path and policy recommendations for building a modern circulation system.