This book delves into the mathematical theory of causal functions over discrete time, offering a fresh perspective on causality beyond its philosophical roots. By exploring the intricate world of p-adic 1-Lipschitz functions, this volume bridges the gap between abstract mathematical concepts and their practical applications in fields such as automata theory, combinatorics, and applied computer science. Readers will uncover a wealth of insights as the book investigates key topics including the nature of causal functions, the role of discrete time in causality, and the application of non-Archimedean metrics. With contributions from eminent scholars, this work invites readers to ponder critical questions: How do we define causality in mathematical terms? What are the implications of using p-adic analysis in understanding complex systems especially quantum ones? The authors unique approach makes this book an essential read for anyone interested in the intersection of mathematics and real-world applications. Ideal for researchers and practitioners with a background in mathematics, computer science, or physics, this book is a valuable resource for those seeking to deepen their understanding of causal functions. Whether youre a scholar exploring theoretical perspectives or a professional looking to apply these concepts practically, this volume offers a comprehensive guide to navigating the complexities of causality. Part of an ongoing series on advanced mathematical theories, it is an indispensable addition to any academic library.