This book elaborates on the transformation of agricultural development in China into the construction of a “resource and ecologically sound society�, and the coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization in China. It focuses on the multiple goals of transforming the Chinese agricultural development model, inner motivations, approaches, and supporting systems under environmental and resource constraints. The author endeavors to build a theoretical framework for transforming agricultural development model in the construction of a “resource and ecologically sound society. To achieve this, the author addresses successively across seven chapters issues such as the multiple goals of China agricultural development transformation under resource and environmental constraints, the transformation of the utilization mode of resources, “resource and ecologically sound agriculture�–oriented agricultural production system transformation, the transformation of commercialized rural service system, and institutional innovations in the “resource and ecologically sound� agricultural transformation.