This book is based on the Special Policy Study on Global Ocean Governance and Ecological Civilization commissioned by the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). The book scrutinizes Chinas successful experiences, approaches and needs in building an ecological civilization in management and utilization of living marine resources. The book provides a global landscape analysis of living marine resources, outlining the current status, existing management approaches, challenges, and needs. With the growing threats posed by climate change, the book includes a chapter devoted to the effects of climate on marine species. After highlighting and presenting key international cases from around the world, the book makes several recommendations to support Chinas next efforts to create an ecological civilization of living marine resources at home and abroad.