This thoroughly revised second edition reflects the exponential growth in the complex field of decision making in colorectal surgery, since the first edition published in 2017. Recommendations are based on newly published data and this book has 30% new additions with 58% chapters completely rewritten by new authors. The chapters in each volume adhere to a specific format. This approach provides uniformity to the presentations, making it possible to identify useful material at a glance. Covering new technology, brief chapters are multi-authored, and each devoted to one or two specific questions or decisions within that specialty that are difficult or controversial.   Physicians from nonsurgical specialties give alternative and competing therapies for what was once the exclusive province of the surgeon.