This book includes contributions from the conference held in Barcelona in 2022. It brings together researchers interested in the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) and aims at the following objectives: Establishing an updated overview of the results and progress in the ATD, concerning both basic research and the development of education systems, including teacher education; Developing a research programme around the most relevant open problems, either related to difficulties affecting education systems or the development of didactics as a scientific discipline; Identifying and studying the specific problems raised by the extension of the ATD conceptual and methodological tools to other fields. The conference is structured around the following thematic axis: Axis 1: Development of the Foundations, Tools and Aims of Research in the Framework of the ATD – Axis 2: The Curriculum Problem and the paradigm of questioning the world – Axis 3: ATD and the professionalization of the teaching profession.