The Brazilian Northeast, comprising 1,600,000 km2 and nine States (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), has an enormous diversity of geomorphological landscapes. Despite the wealth of relief, the available studies do not present, in detail, the regional geomorphological elements. However, it is necessary to allow the advancement of geographic science and related areas, create appropriate processes for the use and occupation of geographic space, guide land-use planning and environmental planning, and encourage conservationist practices. The chapters, written by the best geomorphological specialists in each segment, present unique, rich, and unpublished material that treats the reality of the geomorphological landscape in the Brazilian Northeast. It starts with a theoretical discussion on advances in the analysis of geomorphology by State, showing an unprecedented and functional geographic division.