This book offers a new perspective of an increasingly important topic area of gender equity and diversity in health care, listed in the WHO SDGs. Facts and figures on the national and international status of diversity and gender equity in radiology are juxtaposed with specific recommendations for improvement and awareness, providing thought-provoking impulses for the next generation of physicians as well as for the already existing leadership level to increase the general awareness of this important topic. The first part describes in different areas of radiological research the study situation on gender aspects and womens advancement in academic science. The diversity of radiological research areas, from pediatric radiology, neuro- and interventional radiology are presented with their different impact on gender parity. In addition to international and national studies on career development, part two addresses the barriers and facilitators in radiology, and focus areas for career development including mentoring aspects, psychological aspects, and their promotion. Conditions that can hinder academic career equality such as structural inequality, sexual harassment, and examples of discrimination in everyday clinical life are presented in contrast. On top of recommendations for structural improvement, also regarding pregnancy and family planning, the benefits of a diverse radiology department, and how this can be achieved, are highlighted in the last part of the book.