The present book includes a set of selected papers from the third “International Conference on Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics� (ICINCO 2006), held in Setúbal, Portugal, from 1 to 5 August 2006, sponsored by the Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication (INSTICC). The conference was organized in three simultaneous tracks: “Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization�, “Robotics and Automation� and “Systems Modeling, Signal Processing and Control�. The book is based on the same structure. Although ICINCO 2006 received 309 paper submissions, from more than 50 different countries in all continents, only 31 where accepted as full papers. From those, only 23 were selected for inclusion in this book, based on the classifications provided by the Program Committee. The selected papers also reflect the interdisciplinary nature of the conference. The diversity of topics is an important feature of this conference, enabling an overall perception of several important scientific and technological trends. These high quality standards will be maintained and reinforced at ICINCO 2007, to be held in Angers, France, and in future editions of this conference.