This volume presents the latest theoretical and experimental advancements in the field of inverse problems in recent years. It includes outstanding research results that reflect current theoretical and numerical aspects of inverse problems and their various applications. The volume is a collection of selected contributions from nearly three hundred invited presentations at the International Conference "Inverse Problems: Modelling and Simulation" (IPMS 2024) held from May 26 to June 1,  2024, in Malta. The topics covered in this volume are closely related to emerging deterministic and stochastic models in the fields of medical imaging, biology, geophysics, radar, computer science, communication theory, signal processing, visualization, engineering, and economics. The contributions in this volume reflect a broad range of problems in the theory and applications of inverse problems that are useful for mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and researchers working with inverse problems.