This book constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation, LVA/ICA 2010, held in St. Malo, France, in September 2010. The 25 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from over hundred submissions. The papers collected in this volume demonstrate that the research activity in the field continues to gather theoreticians and practitioners, with contributions ranging range from abstract concepts to the most concrete and applicable questions and considerations. Speech and audio, as well as biomedical applications, continue to carry the mass of the considered applications. Unsurprisingly the concepts of sparsity and non-negativity, as well as tensor decompositions, have become predominant, reflecting the strong activity on these themes in signal and image processing at large.