This book covers advanced solutions for managing water systems pollution caused by microplastics. It provides a comprehensive overview of microplastic contamination, spanning detection in municipal water systems, removal from wastewater using sustainable technologies, and monitoring methods in natural environments. The book also discusses the impacts of microplastics on water bodies and the limitations of current treatment processes, presenting complementary methods to address microplastic contamination. In this book, particular attention is given to practical insights into dealing with microplastic pollution, and readers will find several case studies such as the application of nonwoven electrospun nano-membranes and activated carbon adsorbents for microplastics removal, alongside novel laboratory experiments and field methods like the invertebrate kick-netting technique. The book also offers a forward-looking approach, discussing cutting-edge topics like the application of artificial intelligence for microplastic identification, and the impact of land use patterns on soil microplastic pollution. The book concludes with a chapter devoted to smart management solutions, providing a glimpse into future trends and perspectives in the field. Given its breadth and coverage, the book appeals not only to academics and researchers in the fields of environmental chemistry and environmental sciences but also to professionals and policymakers dealing with microplastic pollution and research.