This book presents an overview of recent developments in the use of nanomaterials, such as nanocellulose, nanolignin, and nanoclay, in the synthesis of sustainable, bio-based adhesives for manufacturing high-performance, eco-friendly wood-based composites with enhanced properties, close-to-zero formaldehyde emission, and a lower environmental footprint for advanced value-added applications. In recent years, bio-based wood adhesives have received great attention as a sustainable alternative to the conventional synthetic adhesives used in the wood-based industry. However, bioadhesives based on natural and renewable feedstocks, such as protein, starch, lignin, and tannin, have inferior properties compared to thermosetting synthetic resins. Reinforcement with nanomaterials with a high aspect ratio has the potential to improve the performance of bio-based wood adhesives and the technological properties of wood composites. The book explores the present-day challenges and future prospects of using nanomaterials in bio-based wood adhesives. The content of this book appeals to materials scientists, wood scientists, environmental scientists, and wood-based panel industry professionals.