This book explores the perspectives and prospects of nanotechnology in environmental remediation and provides a deep insight into the role of nanomaterials for wastewater remediation. The book also focuses on the need for novel developments in the nanomaterials which can target particular contaminants in wastewater. It also takes into account the challenges involved in the application of these nanomaterials, their social and economic aspects, and future directions in multifaceted aspects of nanomaterial use that will facilitate future research to formulate the strategies for environmental restoration. Nanotechnology offers new and improved environmental remediation technologies such as nanophotocatalysts, nanosensors, nanodevices, nanofilters, and nanoadsorbents for the decontamination of toxic pollutants, groundwater, and industrial wastewater. Considering the capabilities of nanotechnology in controlling, eliminating, and purifying environmental pollutants, it can also be considered as a green technology and an effective tool to achieve sustainable environment.