This book aims at providing comprehensive insights focusing on the ongoing research in application of nanotechnology in environmental systems with focus on wastewater treatment. It deals with the synthesis, characterization and employment of nanomaterials for ecological remediation. This book is of primary interest to academicians, researchers, scientists and engineers working in the field of application of nanomaterial in environmental management. This book aims to provide knowledge about recently developed applications of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment in a comprehensive and structured manner. Nanotechnology, being a research area of increasing significance, is still being explored to further depths. This book also focuses on collectively discussing the technologies developed so far and attempts to pave the way for possible future developments. This book addresses the challenges of pollutant removal during wastewater treatment and constructively discusses the innovative and effective solutions that nanotechnology has to offer for the same. It also elaborately discusses the nanotechnology-based treatment methods for emerging contaminants and other refractory pollutants removal from water/wastewater.