This Volume 2 of a two-volume work provides an up-to-date overview of the latest advances in live biotherapeutics research, engineered and genome-edited probiotics. It focuses on key areas within probiotics and microbiome studies in human medicine, including their translation into commercial applications. The book is divided into three sections, comprising (I) biomedical and nutritional benefits of probiotics for human health, (II) post-genomic technologies in probiotics sciences and genome engineering, and (III) biosafety aspects and prospects of biotherapeutics. The broad spectrum of industry-relevant contributions makes this work a valuable resource for industry professionals as well as researchers in functional food and feed biotechnology, applied microbiology and gastroenterology. Presenting novel and evidence-based research, this volume will drive the commercial enterprise and meets the great demand for good probiotic products in the human medical sector.