Terrestrial plant systems are an integral part of Earth land resources. Resources are mutually connected via the nutrient exchange phenomena. Thus, plant nutrition is crucial in managing soil fertility and land productivity. Soil organic carbon is one of the critical indicators for assessing the viability of land, and hence soil carbon sequestration, which is a burgeoning issue regarding changing climatic conditions.  In this context, this book provides an essential linkage between sustainable plant nutrition and soil carbon sequestration and their management strategies that lead to multidimensional benefits for environmental sustainability. The primary purpose of this book is to explore the nexus between carbon sequestration and plant growth, its role in maintaining ecosystem services, and modeling aspects of soil carbon and nutrient dynamics. Moreover, it aims to address the growing challenges of ecological perturbations, unraveling the potential of degraded lands for food, fuel, and nutritional security, and accounting for meeting various UN SDGs.