This book examines militarisation in Scotland and North America from the Jacobite Uprising of 1745-1746 to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. Employing a transatlantic, case study approach, it investigates the overarching cultural frameworks, individual circumstances, and local conditions guiding the actions and understandings of British army officers as they waged war, pacified hostile peoples, and attempted to assimilate ‘other’ population groups within the British Empire. The process of militarisation fundamentally altered how officers viewed imperial populations and implemented empire on geographical fringes, leading to the development of a military-imperial mentality where the direct and indirect experiences of the army in Scotland were transferred and adapted to the challenges the army faced in North America. Centring the British army in the imperial crisis, this book widens our understanding of eighteenth-century British imperialism and demonstrates the material role military commanders, as important agents of empire, played in the coming of the American Revolution.