COST – the acronym for European COoperation in Science and Technology – is the oldest and widest European intergovernmental network for cooperation in - search. Established by the Ministerial Conference in November 1971, COST is presently used by the scientific communities of 35 European countries to coop- ate in common research projects supported by national funds. The funds provided by COST – less than 1% of the total value of the projects – support the COST cooperation networks (COST Actions) through which, with € 30 million per year, more than 30,000 European scientists are involved in - search having a total value which exceeds € 2 billion per year. This is the financial worth of the European added value which COST achieves. A “bottom up approach� (the initiative of launching a COST Action comes from the European scientists themselves), “à la carte participation� (only countries interested in the Action participate), “equality of access� (participation is open also to the scientific communities of countries not belonging to the European - ion) and “flexible structure� (easy implementation and light management of the research initiatives) are the main characteristics of COST.