Winner of the Edward Goodwin Ballard Prize as announced at the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy Meeting on September 27, 2024   The book offers a systematic reconstruction of the disagreement between Husserl and Heidegger from the formers perspective, but without falling into any form of Husserlian apologetics. The main thesis is that Husserls critique of Heideggers existential analytics as a form of philosophical anthropology entails a deeper fundamental thesis, namely that Heidegger confuses the object of first philosophy (the transcendental determination of the subject) with metaphysics (in the Husserlian sense of the expression). Addressing the Husserl-Heidegger confrontation, this text provides the first systematic reconstruction of Husserls conception of the system of philosophy from the perspective of his later works, with a special focus on the Cartesian Meditations. At stake in Husserls critique of Heideggers philosophy in Being and Time is the refusal to transcendentalize the irrational aspects and nature of our human existence. This first volume addresses Husserls doctrine of transcendental idealism with the aim of elucidating the distinction between first philosophy, second philosophies and what Husserl calls last philosophy. This volume appeals to students and researchers.